Some PCIe devices (for example FPGA card) can expose segments of its physical memory via host's BARs and the host can access the memory region via the memory devices (on Linux, we can memory mapped th...

I'm trying to write a PCIe driver to DMA pages from the host memory to an FPGA. My host setup is Cavium ThunderX2 and my FPGAs are Xilinx Alveo U50. A DMA from/to the host causes the ARM SMMU v3.4 to ...

Though the PCIe Error reporting, Interrupt Simulation ( INTA,INTB,Etc) happens through PCIe Message Transaction, why there is a need for separate Hardware to generate the PCIe Msg/VDM Transaction? By ...